Dinosaur –
Which means large lizard in Greek, was the most dominant terrestrial vertebrate animal on the earth for about 160 million years. They existed from the end of the Triassic (about 230 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (about 65 million years ago), after which most of them became extinct as a result of the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event.
The word "dinosaur" was coined by Sir Richard Owen in 1842, from the Greek δεινός (deinos) “terrible, mighty, wondrous” + σαῦρος (sauros) “lizard”. Until the mid-20th century, the scientific community considered dinosaurs to be lazy, slow-witted, and cold-blooded, but most research since the 1970s has supported the theory that they were active animals with high metabolic rates.
How dinosaurs were born –
Scientists do not fully agree with what happened at that time. But the extinction of the dinosaurs is likely a double or triple whammy. That is, it has different differences among different scientists. The first and most influential of these is the asteroid hitting the earth, the second is the distribution of chemicals due to the eruption of volcanoes and the third is climate change.
Fossils show that the birds found on Earth today evolved from theropod dinosaurs. It was the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Earth catastrophe at that time. Hence dinosaurs were divided into avian dinosaurs or birds. All extinct dinosaurs other than birds are non-avian dinosaurs.
So let’s know how dinosaurs were born on this earth.
Beginning of life on land –
The beginning of life in water on earth started 3.5 billion years ago. But it took a long time for life to begin on land. However, life on land originated from water-dwelling organisms. To understand this we have to go back in time.
A new species was born in water 375 million years ago. It was a strange fish (a species of fish), the name of this fish was ‘Tiktaalik’. It evolved over time in the water. This fish developed strong legs during this evolution.
Tiktaalik first learned to land on his neck. Its legs were very strong and mobile, which helped it to come to the ground. This was the most important moment at the beginning of life on land.
It strengthened Its body parts after its 15 million years of evolution, due to which it now started spending more time on land. Due to this life started spreading slowly on the land. These land-dwelling creatures evolved from Tiktaalik to Tetrapods 360 million years ago and made the land their home.
Tetrapods were four-legged animals. Which later evolved into dinosaurs, birds, mammals, and humans. At that time there used to be giant trees and plants on the earth, which were up to 100 feet tall in size.
With time these trees and plants started growing in every region of the earth. Due to this huge forests started being formed on the earth, and a huge amount of oxygen started being generated from these forests. Due to the abundant amount of oxygen, the atmosphere of the earth became as it is today.
With time a creature dragonfly evolved on the earth. Its name is Mega Nuro, it evolved from an insect at that time. In size, it was as big as the eagle found in present times. It modified its legs into wings and after millions of years of evolution, it started flying in the air.
With time, these creatures started laying eggs on the ground, and from this event, mammals were born on the earth. At that time the oxygen level of the earth was very high, due to which the size of the organisms started getting bigger. Gradually, innumerable species of small to large creatures started developing on the ground.
The volcanic eruption continued for hundreds of years –
When the Triassic period ended, three-fourths of the land and marine life on Earth died out within a period of one million years. Turtles and some burrowing mammals survived. But no one knows how the devastation happened at that time. The theory of scientists is that it happened due to volcanic eruptions. This explosion was such that it continued for hundreds of years. This was the time when the continents started breaking up. This was the time when the continents started breaking up. It has been said in a study that only after this devastation, dinosaurs captured the earth.
Earth’s worst time –
How dinosaurs were born – but about 300 million years ago, bad times started for the earth. Rocks started raining from space in the Earth’s atmosphere. Due to this, the core of the earth became hot, and due to this heat, the trees and plants were completely destroyed. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere started increasing.
Now the earth was completely deserted, and life on the land was almost non-existent. 250 million years ago, big creatures evolved in Siberia, a desolate place on this earth. One of these was Scooter Saur which was similar to today’s turtle in appearance. But it was huge in size.
This was one of the most unique periods of evolution in history because during this time large mammals were born from small lizards. Gorgonopsids, a carnivorous organism, emerged during this time.
It was similar to the Komodo dragon, the world’s largest lizard, but its size was gigantic. It was the most dangerous “carnivore” of prehistoric times. It had big and poisonous teeth, which it used to bite its prey first. Then followed him and waited for him to die.
How dinosaurs captured –
During the devastation, the smoke of the volcano spread into the atmosphere, due to which the whole earth became cold. The cold at the poles began to spread to the lower latitudes as well. Due to this, the cold-blooded reptiles were killed. Paul Olson, a geologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and lead author of the research, says dinosaurs were still present during the Triassic period. The reason for their ruling the earth is very simple. Because they were originally adapted to the cold. When it got cold everywhere they were ready for that, but the rest of the creatures were not.
Dinosaur type species name –
So far scientists have discovered more than 2000 species of dinosaurs. Scientists have found remains of dinosaurs in every part of the world, according to them dinosaurs must have ruled for about 14 to 15 million years.
Species of dinosaur –
The existence of the species of dinosaurs came to an end due to a terrible big accident about seven million years ago. But due to the research of some scientists, we have come to know the species of these dinosaurs, the names of those dinosaurs are given below:
• Tyrannosaurus / T-Rex – Tyrannosaurus / T Rex
• Triceratops – Triceratops
• Apatosaurus/Brontosaurus – Apatosaurus
• Giganotosaurus – Giganotosaurus
• Spinosaurus – Spinosaurus
• Allosaurus – Allosaurus
• Velociraptor – Velociraptor
• T-Rex – Tyrannosaurus / T Rex –
Tyrannosaurus lived in the parts of the world that are now South and Western America. The length of Tyrannosaurus can be up to 13 to 14 meters and their weight can be up to 7 to 8 tons.
Tyrannosaurus lived in the Cretaceous period, 6.5 million years ago. Their running speed could be 20 to 70 kilometers per hour and they used to balance their body with their huge head and long tail. Tyrannosaurus dinosaur was a carnivorous creature and is also known as the “T-Rex”.
• Triceratops –
The Triceratops dinosaur is named Triceratops because of its three-horned head. These dinosaur species always lived in herds, and the remains of these dinosaurs have been found in Western and North America. Triceratops was a very large and herbivorous dinosaur, and these dinosaurs lived until the end of the Cretaceous period, 70 million years ago.
• Apatosaurus –
Apatosaurus was a giant dinosaur, also known as Brontosaurus. The remains of this dinosaur were discovered by “Charles Marsh” in 1877. The length of this dinosaur could be from 20 to 25 meters and the weight could be from 20 to 25 tons. Apatosaurus/Brontosaurus This dinosaur was the largest creature ever in the world and these dinosaurs were vegetarian. Apatosaurus takes 10 to 11 years to reach its full size. This dinosaur had a long tail, which kept its long neck balanced. These dinosaurs lived 150 million years ago in the Jurassic period.
• Giganotosaurus –
Giganotosaurus was bigger than T-rex dinosaurs in size and they walked on their two legs. Their weight could range from 12 to 13 tons and their running speed was 16 to 20 kilometers per hour. Despite their huge skull, these dinosaurs used to run fast and maintain the balance of their body. Giganotosaurus was a very clever hunter, he could smell the smell of his prey from a great distance and depth. His fossil was found in 1993.
• Spinosaurus –
Spinosaurus was a very large dinosaur, reaching 12 to 15 meters in length and weighing 10 to 12 tons. Perhaps these dinosaurs were very large carnivorous dinosaurs. Spinosaurus may derive its name from its massive back, which is a very large back on its body, which can be up to 1.5 to 2 meters in length. These dinosaurs used to walk on two legs and could use all four legs to hunt by bending down.
• Allosaurus –
Allosaurus was a carnivorous dinosaur with sharp and long teeth. Allosaurus fossils have been found in America. Allosaurus used to live in the Jurassic period 150 million years ago, the weight of Allosaurus can be up to 2 to 3 tons and the length can be up to 8 to 9 meters. The skull of an Allosaurus was very large and it used to maintain the balance of its body and head with its tail. Their fossils were found in western America.
• Velociraptor –
Velociraptors lived in the Cretaceous period 7 million years ago. The length of a Velociraptor could be from 2 to 2.5 meters and the height could be from 0.5 to 1 meter. The weight of a Velociraptor could be from 15 to 25 kg. The first fossil of Velociraptor was found in the “Mongolian Gobi Desert” in 1922. Velociraptor was very clever hunter, their method of hunting was very strong, and they used to injure their prey by attacking prey with the claws of their feet.
End of Dinosaurs –
The end of dinosaurs was caused by the collision of a huge asteroid with the earth. One thing that has been revealed in the BBC documentary is that if this asteroid hit the earth 30 seconds before or even after 30 seconds, the dinosaurs might not have ended and this asteroid would have fallen into the deep waters of the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean. This is because at this time its effect on the land area would have been so less that the dinosaurs would not have been harmed.
This asteroid collided with the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, due to which a crater 111 miles wide and 20 miles deep was formed at that place. When this pit was investigated by the scientists, the sulfur compound was found in the rock there. After the asteroid collided with the rock, this rock turned into dust, due to which a cloud of dust was formed in the air. As a result, the whole earth became cold and remained in this condition for a whole decade. Due to all these reasons, almost all the living beings that were there at that time died.
By Chanchal Sailani | January 10, 2023, | Editor at Gurugrah_Blogs.
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