Major rivers of India –
There are several major rivers in India, each of which has a different origin and length. Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus, Chenab, Godavari, Sutlej, Yamuna, Krishna, Mahanadi, Ghaghra River, Chambal, Kaveri, Narmada, Son, Kosi, Jhelum, Ravi, Tapti, Ramganga, Mahi, Ghaggar, Betwa, Beas, Luni, Gandak The Sabarmati are all long rivers that originate from different places and flow into the Indian Ocean. Questions about the length, origin, and confluence of these rivers are common in various you must prepare well for your job interview.
These rivers divide into two parts –
1. Rivers that fall into the Arabian Sea
2. Rivers falling into the Bay of Bengal
Major rivers of India –
India’s drainage system A river is a stream flowing on the surface, whose source is usually a lake, glacier, spring, or rainwater, and falls into an ocean or lake. There are two types of rivers. Everlasting or rainy.
The source of the perennial rivers is a lake, spring, or glacier, and remains watery throughout the year, whereas the rainy rivers depend on rainwater. Ganga, Yamuna, Kaveri, Brahmaputra etc. are eternal rivers.
The rivers of India have played an important role in the economic and cultural development of the country since ancient times. In the valleys of the Indus and Ganges rivers, the world’s oldest civilizations, the Indus Valley and the Aryan civilization, emerged. Even today, most of the country’s population and the concentration of agriculture are found in the river valley areas.
In ancient times, due to the convenience of trade and transport, most of the cities of the country were developed on the banks of rivers and even today almost all the religious places of the country are associated with some river or the other. India, called the country of rivers, mainly has rivers originating from the Himalayas (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra), and the peninsular river system (Narmada, Kaveri, Mahanadi).
Rivers originating from the Himalayas –
The rivers originating from the Himalayas are continuously moving forward due to glaciers and snow. The basins of the Himalayan rivers are large and their catchment area is hundreds of thousands of square kilometers. Bacteria are present in abundance. The rivers of the Himalayas are divided into three main river systems.
Indus river system, Ganges river system, and Brahmaputra river system.
These three river systems developed from a very large river, which was also called the ‘Shivalik’ or Indo-Brahma river. This river used to flow from Osam to Punjab. During the Pleistocene period, when the Power plateau was raised, this river broke up and split into the present three river systems. The opinion of geologists in this regard is not the same.
Indus river system –
• It includes the Indus and its tributaries.
• The Indus originates from the ‘Chemayungdung’ glacier near the Mansarovar Lake in Tibet.
• It is 2,880 is long.
• Its length in India is 1,114 km (709 km in India only, including Pakistan Occupied).
• Its water storage area is 11.65 lakh sq. km. Is.
Tributaries of Indus –
• Found from the right – Shyok, Kabul, Kurram, Gomal.
• Combination of Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum streams (near Mithankot) and Zaskar, Sayang, Shigar, Gilgit to meet from the left side. Under the ‘Indus Water Treaty’ signed in 1960, India can use 20 percent of water from Jhelum and Chenab in Indus and its tributaries while Sutlej can use 80 percent of water from Ravi.
• The Indus River passes through India, then through Pakistan, and finally joins the Arabian Sea near Karachi.
Jhelum River –
It originates from the Verinag Falls near Sheshnag Lake in the range of Pir Panjal Mountains and joins the flowing Wular Lake and finally joins the Chenab River. Its tributary is Kishanganga, which is called Neelam in Pakistan. Srinagar is situated on the banks of this river. ‘Shikar’ or ‘barges’ are run more on this in Srinagar.
Chenab River –
• This river is the largest tributary of the Indus River.
• Which is called Chandrabhaga in Himachal Pradesh.
• This river originates in Lahaul from either side of the Badalacha Pass in the form of two rivers named Chandra and Bhaga.
Ravi river –
• Its origin is also Vyaskund near Rohtang Pass in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.
• It is a tributary of Sutlej.
• It joins the Indus at a place called ‘Harike’ near Kapurthala.
• It flows completely in India (460-470 km.).
Sutlej River –
It originates from Rakas Tal near Mansarovar in Tibet and enters India through Shipkila Pass. Bhakra Nangal Dam is built on the Sutlej River.
The River Ganges -
After the confluence of Alaknanda and Bhagirathi at Devprayag from Gangotri glacier near Gomukh in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, the combined stream is known as the Ganga river. The Yamuna meets the Ganges near Allahabad, which is called Sangam or Prayag.
The Brahmaputra river joins the Bhagirathi (Ganga) in Bangladesh by the name of Jamuna. –
• Their combined stream is called the Padma.
• The Meghna River joins the Padma River in Bangladesh. Later, the combined stream of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra after meeting the Meghna proceeds in the name of Meghna and after dividing into smaller streams, falls into the Bay of Bengal.
• The Ganges-Brahmaputra delta is considered to be the world’s largest delta.
• Which extends between the Hooghly and Meghna rivers.
• Due to the abundance of Sundari trees, it is called the ‘Sundar Forest Delta’.
Delta –
When the river falls into the ocean or lake, due to the decrease in velocity, its debris starts depositing at the mouth, due to which a special type of landform is formed there. This landform is called a delta.
Tributary –
• Found on the left – Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Budhi Ganga, Koshi, Mahananda, Brahmaputra.
• Found on the right – Yamuna, Tons, Son.
• The country’s first glass floor bridge will be built on the river Ganges in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand’s most famous tourist destination.
• The floor of this bridge, which will be built on par with Lakshman Jhula, will be of strong transparent glass.
• Laxman Jhula, which has been the identity of Rishikesh for 94 years, was closed in July 2019 due to security reasons.
Yamuna river –
• It is the longest (1,370 km) tributary of the Ganges.
• It originates from the Yamunotri glacier located on the Bandarpunch range.
• Its major tributaries are Hindon, Rishi Ganga, Chambal, Betwa, Ken, and Sindh.
Ramganga river –
It originates from Nainital (Garhwal hills near Gairsen) and joins the Ganges near Kannauj.
Gomti –
• It originates from the Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh and joins the Ganges near Ghazipur.
• Cities situated on the banks – Lucknow, Jaunpur, and Ghazipur.
Ghaghara (Saryu) river –
• It originates from the Maps Tung glacier of Nepal and joins the Ganges near Chhapra in Bihar.
• Tributaries – Rapti and Sharda
• Cities situated on the banks – Ayodhya, Faizabad, Ballia.
Gandak River –
In Nepal, it is known as the Shaligrami River. It joins the Ganges river near Patna in India.
Kosi River –
• The mainstream from 7 streams, named Arun, originates from the Gosaithan peak near Mount Everest.
• In Bhagalpur district it joins the Ganges river. This river is called the mourning of Bihar due to its frequent change of course and bringing floods.
Hooghly River –
The fifth note of the musical scale. It originates in Bengal as a distributary of the Ganges and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
Tamasa (Southern Tons) River –
Emerging from the hills of Kaimur, it joins the Ganges river ahead of Allahabad.
Son river –
After leaving the Amarkantak hills, it joins the Ganges before Patna.
Tributaries of Yamuna Chambal –
Chambal originates from Janapav hill near Mau (Indore) of Madhya Pradesh and joins the Yamuna river near Etawah. Tributaries – Banas, Parvati, Kalisindh, and Kshipra.
Sindh –
It originates near Sironj tehsil of Guna district.
Betwanadi –
It originates from the Vindhya Range in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. It joins the Yamuna river near Hamirpur.
Ken River –
It originates from Kaimur hill in the Satna district of Madhya Pradesh and joins the Yamuna near Banda.
Tributaries of Chambal –
Banas –
The Banas originates from the Khamnaur hills of the Aravalli range and joins the Chambal River.
Kshipra River –
• It originates from Kakri hill near Indore and joins Chambal.
• There is a temple of Mahakal on the banks of Kshipra in Ujjain and in the 12th year Kumbh Mela is held.
Kalisindh –
Kalisindh originates from Vindhya hill in Bagli village of Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh and joins the Chambal river.
Parvati –
This river originates from the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh and joins the Chambal River in Rajasthan.
Brahmaputra river system –
• The Brahmaputra River originates from the Angsi Glacier near Mansarovar Lake in Tibet.
• The Brahmaputra river in Tibet is known as Tsangpo.
• This Namcha enters Arunachal Pradesh near the Baraba mountain peak, then its name is Dang.
• Later it is known as the Brahmaputra after its two tributaries meet Dibang and Lohit.
• The Brahmaputra is known as Jamuna in Bangladesh.
• Teesta River joins the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh.
• After this the Brahmaputra joins the Padma (Ganga).
Brahmaputra river tributaries –
• Received from the right – Subansiri, Kameng, Manas, Sankoj, Teesta.
• Rivers that meet from the left side – Lohit, Dibang, Dhanshree, Kalang.
• Majuli island has been formed due to the intermingling of the Brahmaputra river in the Asom valley.
• The longest river in India is the Ganges and the Brahmaputra is the longest river on the basis of the total length of the rivers flowing in India.
• The Brahmaputra is the largest river in India by volume of water.
Gumpit Sarita/River –
• A network of small, shallow, and aggregated streams arising from a single river or stream.
• When the slope of the land near the mouth of the river is very slow, a large amount of debris keeps on accumulating, due to which the delta is formed.
• In this deltaic part, the water of the river gets divided into many branches and sub-branches (water distributaries).
• These water distributions reunite several times and separate.
• Thus small streams are intertwined with each other and are shallow.
Peninsular drainage system –
• Many rivers flow in the Indian peninsula.
• The rivers of peninsular India are smaller in size than the rivers of the plains.
• The rivers here are mostly seasonal and dependent on rainfall.
• The water level of these rivers rises during the rainy season, but their water level decreases significantly during the dry season. The rivers of this region are less deep, but the valleys of these rivers are wide and their erosion potential is almost exhausted.
• Most of the rivers here fall into the Bay of Bengal, some rivers fall into the Arabian Sea and some rivers join the Ganges and Yamuna rivers.
• Some rivers of the peninsular region originate from the Aravalli and the intermediate hilly region and fall into the Rann of Kutch or the Gulf of Khambhat.
By Chanchal Sailani | October 06, 2022, | Editor at Gurugrah_Blogs
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