What is an infectious disease? -
Infectious diseases are diseases that can be spread from person to person through pathogenic factors. These diseases can spread from person to person through things like protozoa, yeast, bacteria, virus, etc. Examples of infectious diseases include malaria, typhoid, smallpox, influenza, and others. As medical science advances, new viruses emerge, some of which can be fatal.
Human life is being threatened by infectious diseases and the challenges to overcome them are also increasing ahead of science. Let's try to get acquainted with the most dangerous infectious diseases of the present day and find out which disease took the most lives. it's dangerous. By reading this article you will learn about the different types of infections.
infectious diseases -
• HIV / AIDS -
Human immunodeficiency is caused by the lack of immunity in the body. Due to this every disease and infection starts affecting the person. If this disease is not treated on time then HIV infection can turn into AIDS. Due to a weakened immune system, the body is more prone to infections and diseases.
• Dengue –
Dengue is caused by a virus. This virus is found in mosquitoes. It can cause serious illness in humans. A person can get dengue only when he comes in contact with the dengue virus. Symptoms include high fever and joint pain. If the fever caused by dengue is not treated, it can be fatal.
• Malaria -
Malaria is a serious infection that can even kill you. The disease is caused by bacteria and can be spread through contact with infected saliva, mucus, or other bodily fluids. The virus that causes malaria in this mosquito is a means of transmitting the parasite to its victims. Symptoms of this virus include high fever and chills. The number of red blood cells also decreases. This is more common in tropical areas.
• Cholera –
It is a disease that affects the small intestine. This disease is caused by contaminated water. Drinking contaminated water can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and even death in severe cases. It is estimated that 300,000 to 500,000 people visit the world each year. become victims of the disease, which kills about 100,000 people. Treatment includes oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics.
• Ebola virus disease –
Ebola is an infection that can be fatal. Problems such as fever and internal bleeding may occur. This disease is caused by coming in contact with infected bodily fluids. There is a high risk of death from the disease, with 90% of cases occurring in the Sahara region of Africa. Although there is no cure for this disease, we are still looking for it.
• MERS –
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a virus that can cause respiratory problems. The disease causes respiratory problems in mammals. The disease was discovered when a person died of a similar disease. MERS can have serious consequences such as pneumonia and kidney failure. Patients die in 60 percent of cases. MERS is more dangerous than other viruses that have come to the attention of people so far.
• Source -
Sore Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a respiratory condition. This source can be spread by the coronavirus, which can range from simple pneumonia to severe. The phenomenon originated in China in 2002 and soon spread to Hong Kong. By 2003, it had spread to 37 countries.
• Swine flu -
Swine flu is a type of influenza that affects pigs. The name the H1N1 virus was first known in 2009. The transmission of this disease from pigs to humans was not well known. However, the risk of contracting the disease was much higher in people who were in constant contact with pigs. In 2010, the World Health Organization officially declared the disease to be eradicated.
• Bird flu –
Avian influenza is a disease that affects birds, especially chickens on poultry farms. It is a deadly disease that can also occur in humans. The H5N1 virus began spreading in Asia in 2003, after which the disease spread to Europe, Central Asia, and Africa in 2006.
• Mad Cow Disease –
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is also known as mad cow disease. The disease is caused by spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord and is very fatal. In Britain, the disease infected more than 1 lakh 80 thousand animals. The disease has killed 44 lakh animals so far and is capable of affecting humans as well. If a person eats food contaminated with the bacteria, the bacteria can get into his system.
1. Little Mother
2. smallpox
3. Cholera
4. Dengue Fever
5. Gonorrhea
6. Leprosy
7. Malaria
8. Measles
9. Plague
10. Syphilis
infectious
categories of organisms -
There are a variety of agents that can cause infection based on their size, biochemical characteristics, or the way they interact with the human host. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are all types of organisms that can cause infectious diseases.
Bacteria -
Bacteria can survive in the body but outside a cell. Some bacteria, called aerobics, require oxygen to grow, while others, normally found in the small intestine of healthy individuals, grow only in the absence of oxygen and are therefore called anaerobic. . Most bacteria are surrounded by a capsule that inhibits their ability to cause disease. It seems that it plays an important role in capacity.
Virus -
Viruses, strictly speaking, are not living organisms. The machinery of cells is needed to replicate the nucleic acid fragments that are packaged within the protein coat. The virus is seen with an electron microscope; They vary in size from about 25 nanometers for the poliovirus to 250 nanometers for the smallpox virus. Vaccination has been the most successful weapon against viral infections. Some infections can be treated with antiviral drugs or interferons (proteins that stop the virus from spreading).
Chlamydial organisms -
Chlamydia is an organism that can be found inside birds and other animals, including humans. The reason this particular disease is so common in women is that it is caused by the C. trachomatis bacterium. If an infant is infected with the virus during labor or birth, it can cause conjunctivitis (an eye infection) in the newborn and pneumonia in the infant.
Chlamydia can cause ear infections laryngitis, and upper respiratory tract infections in some young children. disease occurs. This type of infection can be treated with erythromycin. Another type of chlamydia, Chlamydia psittacine, causes psittacosis, a disease caused by exposure to the droppings of infected birds. The disease causes high fever, chills, slow heart rate, pneumonia, headache, and weakness. It is characterized by fatigue, muscle pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis is usually doubtful if the patient has been exposed to birds.
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma –
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma are among the smallest known free-living microorganisms. They come in a variety of sizes ranging from 150 to 850 nanometers. They are common in nature and can cause widespread disease, but they compare diseases in humans to diseases usually caused by bacteria. Is it light? Mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections can be treated with antibiotics.
Fungus -
Fungi are large organisms that usually live on decaying organic matter. They are commonly found in soil, objects contaminated with dirt, plants, and animals, and in the air. They can also be found on the skin. Fungi can be found in yeast or mold and can switch between these two forms depending on environmental conditions.
This is not always necessary. Yeast is small cells that are about the size of a grain of rice. The molds consist of thin branching structures (called hyphae) from 2 to 10 micrometers in diameter, composed of many cells that end with filaments. They lie down. Fungal diseases in humans are called fungal infections.
Parasites -
Harpyrozoans are unicellular organisms that lack a cell wall and are responsible for causing diseases such as malaria. The malaria parasite is about 4 micrometers wide. On the one hand, tapeworms can grow up to several meters in length; Treatment, on the other hand, is designed to either kill the worm or drive it out of its host.
commensal creatures -
The outer surface of the human body is covered with agents that have no harmful effects and can actually be beneficial. They are commensal on the skin. Organisms help break down dead skin cells or debris secreted by the many small glands and pores that open on the skin. Many organisms in the intestinal tract break down complex waste products into simpler substances, while others break down essential chemical compounds necessary for human life. help with construction.
By Chanchal Sailani | September 27, 2022, | Editor at Gurugrah_Blogs.
