How are radio waves affected by various obstacles? | Gurugrah

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment was to determine which materials are most effective at preventing radio waves from interfering with remote control devices.

This concept piqued my interest because I was curious about the household items that might interfere with my R/C car.

If someone uses remote-controlled robotics or devices, the information obtained from this experiment will be helpful. It might be useful for research, remote exploration, and recreation. By determining which materials an R/C car user should avoid transmitting through, this experiment will benefit all parties.

HYPOTHESIS

According to my hypothesis, the glass will have the most interference and the cement (brick) the least.

My hypothesis is based on the Elements book series; the Science & Technology encyclopedia and the AEE homepage. My hypothesis is also based on my educated guess that brick has cracks and molecules that are spread out, while glass has very compressed molecules and a surface that is reflective.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

The following were the study's constants:

The obstacle used to block the radio wave; the distance the radio wave must travel; the distance the car (receiver) must travel; the time it took the car to travel from the beginning court to the half court; the variable that was manipulated was the time it took the radio wave to pass through the obstacle (the brick, glass, and wood). After that, hit the receiver, causing the remote control car to move, and then hit the half-court centerline.

The amount of time it took the car to start up from the beginning court line to drive to the half-court line was the responding variable.

I measured the amount of time it took the car to travel from the basketball court's beginning to its center using a stopwatch as the responding variable.

Materials Quantity Item Description *C/A= Commonly Available *C/A Cement (brick) *C/A Wood *C/A Glass 1 Stopwatch 1 Remote Control Car 27 MHz 24 AA Alkaline Batteries OR Batteries 6 9V Batteries OR 1 Rechargeable 9V Batteries PROCEDURE 1 Place the receiver of the remote-controlled car on the very edge of the basketball court's starting line.

2. Find a friend or family member to hold the transmitter of the remote control and stand outside the gymnasium door.

3. Set the stopwatch to the right setting.

4. Reach the midcourt centerline or the spot where the car will stop at eye level.

5. Make a call to action, such as "GO!" and then start the stopwatch right away.

6. Stop the stopwatch and yell "STOP!" as soon as the car reaches the midcourt line's beginning.

7A. Insert four brand-new AA alkaline batteries into the vehicle or 7B. Remove four AA alkaline batteries from the vehicle and recharge them before replacing them.

8A. Insert one brand-new 9V battery into the remote control; 8B. Recharge one 9V battery before replacing it.

9. Close the gymnasium door, and the assistant will provide you with the glass material while she remains behind the door.

10. Repeat steps 1 through 8B; Step 9 should take the place for step 2.

11. To provide the cement, have an assistant stand behind the boy's locker room wall.

12. Repeat steps 1 through 8B; Step 11 should replace step 2 once more.

13. To provide wood, have an assistant stand outside the closed wooden door that separates the transmitter from the receiver.

14. Repeat steps 1 through 8B; Step 13 should replace step 2.

15. To confirm the outcomes of the previous steps, at least one more time, repeat steps 11 and 13.

Introduction to the Research Report My project's title is "How Do Different Obstacles Affect Radio Waves?" I learned about the various uses of radio waves as well as the various types of radio waves.

Types of Radio Waves Although there are many different kinds of radio waves, AM and FM are the two most common. Amplitude Modulation (AM) transmits by sending signals into the air, which are then reflected back to an antenna of a radio or other receiver after being bounced off the ionosphere. Unfortunately, this makes the radio wave more susceptible to lightning or other radio wave interference. Ground waves carry FM (Frequency Modulation) signals. In order to reach radios, this ground wave spreads across the ground. When driving in hilly areas, the FM wave can sometimes be blocked, causing the signal to become mixed with static. Because it penetrates the earth's atmosphere and travels through space, the FM radio wave cannot be reflected off the ionosphere.

The applications of radio waves are numerous and extensive. The most obvious use is for entertainment. With FM, the standard AM FM radio can cover 53-171 kHz, while AM uses 88-108 MHz. A television transmits its signals to other televisions worldwide using both AM and FM. Recreation is yet another popular use. Whether you build them yourself or just buy them to race other people, remote control models are a common pastime. Most remote control models and toys operate between 1 and 80 MHz. Space exploration is another application. FM signals are sent into space by a radio telescope to record objects' distances. A computer records the signal after it bounces back when it hits something. The radio wave can also be used for earth exploration. Small, unmanned, remote-controlled submarines equipped with cameras have been sent into the ocean's depths to record things that would require a significant financial investment to discover. Land-based remotely controlled robots can be used to gather data in hostile environments like volcanoes. par Communication is the most widespread and significant application. Police officers, firefighters, and the army all use walkie-talkies, and some have even been designed specifically for family use. HAM radio is a form of communication that is more for fun; A type of amateur radio is HAM radio. Despite the fact that many of those who use it can reach people all over the world, they are far from amateurs.

The Fundamentals of an R/C Car The more typical toy-type remote control car operates on the same frequencies as other more model-like vehicles. The toy-type R/Cs most frequently offer access to 27 MHz and 49 MHz. A straightforward type of direct radio wave is utilized by the typical R/C toy. The transmitter sends a precise signal to one of the many precisely tuned servos in the R/C car when you press a button or move a lever on it. A relatively straightforward battery-powered motor powers the typical automobile. The model car is nearly identical to the real thing. except for the fact that their motors are much more advanced and can even be powered by gasoline. Additionally, the advanced automobile may have more controls, resulting in more servos.

SUMMARY

AM and FM are the two primary radio waves. Radio waves are utilized for recreation, communication, space exploration, and Earth exploration. The controls of a remote-controlled car typically transmit a straightforward radio wave.

Results The original goal of this experiment was to determine which materials, glass and wood cement, caused the most radio wave interference. Ideally, the materials would slow down the vehicle (receiver).

The experiment's findings were unexpected. I was somewhat dissatisfied with the experiment's accuracy. For instance, the crude method of aligning the car's wheels with the straightforward basketball court line meant that the vehicle did not always travel in a straight line. The amount of hesitation that was present, even if it was off by about one hundredth or tenth of a second, would probably be another example. Both the start of the car and the start of the stopwatch, in my opinion, were not exactly on time.

CONCLUSION

My hypotheses were wrong. The glass and brick provided the least amount of radio wave interference, while the wood provided the most. According to the findings, this hypothesis ought to be rejected. Although the wood provided more interference and the brick provided the least, I was under the impression that the glass would have the greatest impact on the radio waves.

I wonder if my choice to measure the material's interference with radio waves was the best based on the results of this experiment. If I were to do this project again, I would definitely choose a different car and conduct a different radio wave experiment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Michael C. Keith, "Radio," World Book Encyclopedia, 1995.

Patrick D. Griffis, "Radio," 1995 World Book Encyclopedia.

"Remote Control," Joseph F. Kasper Jr., World Book Encyclopedia, 1995.

World Book Encyclopedia, 1995, "Automobile, model," Model Car Collectors Association.

"Radio Receiver" by Walter Lyons appeared in Science and Technology in 1995.

"Radio Transmitter," by Walter Lyons, Science and Technology, 1995.